Image-forming mechanism.



No. 636,064. Patented Oct. 3|, I899. F.- H. RICHARDS.

IMAGE FORMING MECHANISM.

(Application filed July 11, 1898. Renewed Aug. 30, 1899.) (No Model.)

ll SheetsSheet l,

No. 636,064. Patented Oct. 3|, I899.

F. H. RICHARDS.

IMAGE FORMING MECHANISM.

(Application filed July 11, 189B. Renewed Aug. 30, 1899.) 6N0 Model.)

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9 9 B L 6 d e t n e t a DI S D R A H c R H F A 6 7 6 3 6 n N IMAGEFORMING MECHANISM. (Application filed. July 11, 1898. Renewed Aug. 30,1899.)

(No Model.)

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No. 636,064. Patented Oct. 3f, I899. F. H. RICHARDS.

IMAGE FORMING MECHANISM.

(Application filed July 11, 1898. Renewed Aug. 30, 1899.) N0 MO BL) llSheets-Sheet 4.

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No. 636,064. Paten ted Oct. 3|, I899.

F. H. RICHARDS. IMAGE FORMING MECHANISM.

(Application filed July 11, 1898. Renewed Aug. 30, 1899.) (No Model.)

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Patented Oct. 3|, 1899.

F. H. RICHARDS.

IMAGE FORMING MECHANISM.

(Applicltion filed July 11, 189B. Renewed Aug. 30, 1899.)

ll Sheets$heet s ('No Model.

Wi tnesses:

m: Norms PEYERS cu. worommu, WASHINGTON, o c.

Patented Oct. 3!, I899.

F. H. RICHARDS. IMAGE FORMING MECHANISM.

I (Application filed. July 11, 1893. Renewed Aug. 80, 1889.)

(No Model.)

ll Sheets-Sheet 7.

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No. 636,064. Patented Oct. 3f, I899. F.. H. RICHARDS.

IMAGE FORMING MECHANISM.

(Application filed July 11, 1898. Renewed Aug. 30, 1899.)

{No Modem Shets-8heet a.

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Nu. 636,064. Patented Oct. 3|, I899.

F. H. RICHARDS.

IMAGE FORMING MECHANISM.

(Applicafion filed July 11, 1398 Renewed Aug. 30, 1899.) (No- Model.) llSheets-Sheet 9,

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No. 636.064. P'atented Oct. 3|, I899. F. H. RICHARDS.

IMAGE FORMING MECHANISM.

(Application filed July 11, 18887 Renewed Aug. 80, 1899.) No Model.) llSheets-Sheet [0 Witnesses: Inventor: W

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No. 636,064. Patentd Oct. 3|, I899. F. H. RICHARDS.

IMAGE FORMING MECHANISM.

(Application filed July 11, 1898. Renewed Aug. 30, 1899.) (No Model.) llSheets8heet 1|,

m2 NORRIS rz'rzns C07 vncnoumou WASHINGTON, o c.

UNITED STATES PATENT rErcEi FRANCIS I-I. RICHARDS, OF HARTFORD,CONNEC'lICU'l.

IMAGE-FORMING MECHANISM.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 636,064, dated October31, 1899, Application filed July 11, 1898. Renewed August 30, 1899.Serial No. 728,987. (No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern/.-

Be it known that I, FRANCIS H. RICHARDS, a citizen of the United States,residing at Hartford, in the county of Hartford and State ofConnecticut, have invented certain new andusefulImprovementsinImage-FormingMechanism, of which the following is aspecification.

This invention relates to image-forming mechanism, and more particularlyto photoprinting mechanism for projecting images onto a suitablereceiving medium, and especially onto a sensitized plate or film whichmay be developed afterward.

My present invention is in the nature of an improvement upon that shown,described, and claimed in my prior application, filed May 7, 1808,Serial No. 680,079, in which there is illustrated a machine adapted forcomposing mechanically photoprinted matter suitable for the productionof printed impressions in a manner analogous to mechanical compositionby type-writing, linotyping, and similar methods. In the mechanismillustrated in such prior application objects may be successively orselectively brought to a working position and images thereof projectedsuccessively or selectively onto a receiving or sensitized medium insuch a manner as to produce either a transitory image on a screen orother non-recording medium or a permanent record upon a sensitized plateor film, and the operation of the mechanism controls the location ofeach selected object in working position to the exclusion of all theother objects. These objects or characters will usually be the letters,numbers, or other devices common to typography and will be representedby negatives through or around which light may pass to project upon thesensitized sur face of the image recording medium the images of suchobjects either singly as they may be selected and brought to workingposition or in groups of any desired number. In the construction shownin my prior application all of these objects or characters are supportedon a common carrier and are brought one at a time into working positionand light is permitted to pass through or around the positionedcharacter to project an image onto the sensitized medium, which latterwill usually be shifted step by step after each projection of an image,a suitable lightcontroller or shutter being operated to permit a ray oflight to shine through a character or negative each time that suchcharacter is positioned. All of these parts will usually be controlledby keys on a suitable keyboard, and hence by the manipulation of thesekeys, in substantially the same manner as that in which an ordinarytype-writer is operated, the matter to be photoprinted on the sensitizedplate may be set up or composed letter by letter and word by word by thestriking of the selected keys and the characters photoprinted one by oneor group by group in proper order and spaced in such a manner as may bedetermined by the operation of the mechanism for shifting one or more ofthe main three cooperative partsviz., the negative, the sensitizedmedium, and a suitable image-governing light-controller-relatively tothe other or others to permit the photoprinting ofsuccessive charactersatsucccssive points on the sensitized medium.

The machine forming the subject-matter of this invention is intended toeffect the same results as those described in my prior application, butdiffers from the former machine in many features of construction. In thepresent machine the several image-forming objects or characters are notmounted upon a common carrier, but are independently movable, each ofthe characters, which in this instance are double-case characters, beingsup ported by a separate carrier capable of move ment independentlyrelatively to all of the others when actuated by proper object-selecting means or key-operated devices. These independentlymovable carriersmay be of any suitable construction and type, though I prefer to employslides for the purpose, and they will have independent movementsanalogous to the movements of the swinging typearms in ordinarytype-writing machines. All of these carriers or slides preferably willbe grouped so as to converge toward a common point or center, they beingdisposed usually in a circle about a central photoprintingpoint. As itis essential that the object or negative to be printed should be locatedat an exact predetermined point, I prefer to provide means for guidingthese carriers or slides in their movements toward and from the workingposition, and I also make use of suit able devices for latching thecarriers or slides momentarily and releasing devices for tripping suchlatches. In the machine shown in my prior application all of thedouble-case characters, as before stated, are mounted on a commoncarrier, and this carrier not only has a movement to bring any desireddoublecase character into alinement with the end of the tube throughwhich light is directed onto the image-receiving medium, but also ashifting movement for selecting citherone of the doublecase charactersso positioned. In this instance, however, the object carriers or slidesare not shiftable to either one of two different case positions, butinstead the light controller or shutter,which determines when the lightis to be turned on, is so shiftable, and usually the light-directingtube will also be, as well as the holder by which the imagereceivingmedium is supported and operated.

In connection with a light-controller and a light-directing tubeshiftable to different case positions I prefer to employ a carriage orholder and carriage-feeding or holder-feeding mechanism, also shiftablein a like manner. The feeding mechanism will usually be of a typesimilar to that found in many type-writing machinesviz., arack-and-escapement feed mechanism. he rack, of course, should besliiftable to different case positions in order to shift the carriageand holder, and the escap'cment or pawl may be similarly operative, ithaving in this instance a working movement transverse to the rack forpermitting the step-bystep feed of the latter and also a movementlongitudinally of the rack to the respective case positions. Thelight-controller that I employ in the present machine is an improvementupon that shown, described, and claimed in my prior application,hereinbefore alluded to, it being preferably a rotary light-controlleror shutter having a circuit of light-openings, which may be broughtsuccessively into position to register with the opening at the end ofthe light-directing tube. Said light-controller will be rotatedintermittently in some suitable manner and will be controlled in suchmovement by the operation of the selecting means governing the movements of the objects or characters to be photoprinted. Preferably thislight-controller will be mounted for rotation on the light-directingtube and will not only have an intermittent rotary movement, as justdescribed, but will also be shiftable bodily with said tube to therespective case positions of the latter.

These and other features of my present iiivention not hereinbeforedescribed in detail, but which will be set forth fully hereinafter, areshown in the drawings accompanying and forming part of thisspecification, in which Figure 1 is a plan of an image-forming orphotoprinting mechanism embodying my present improvements. Fig. 2 is afront ele vation of the same. Fig. is a transverse section of the same,the section being taken in line 3, Fig. 2. Fig. ais a transverse sectionof the same, partly in front elevation, the section being taken in linet t, Fig. 3, a portion of the lower front side of the casing beingremoved in order to illustrate the construction clearly. Fig. 5 is aplan of the machine, showing the mechanism below the top plate, themajor portion of the latter being broken away. Fig. (5 is a horizontalsection of the machine, partly in plan, the section being taken in line6 (3, Fig. 3. Fig. 7 is a horizontal section, partlyin plan, the sectionbeing taken in line '7 7, Fig. 3. Fig. 8 is a sectional plan of themachine, the section being taken in line 8 S,Fig. 3. Fig. 9 is an underside sectional view of the machine, the section being taken in line 9 0,Fig. 3. Fig. 10 is an enlarged detail of a portion of thelight-directing tube, the light-controller, and the actuating devicestherefor. Fig. 11 is an enlarged longitudinal section of the same. Fig.12 is an enlarged sectional detail of the same, the section being takenin line 12 12, Fig. 10. Figs. 13 to 16, inclusive, are details of theobject selecting and locating devices, illustrating successive positionsof these coacting parts; and Figs. 17, 18, and 19 are enlargcd views, inplan and side and end elevations, respectively, illustrating theconstruction of one of the character-slides.

Similar characters designate like parts in all the figures of thedrawings.

As hereinbefore stated, my present improvements may be embodied in anymechanism in which suitable image-forming objects or negatives may bebrought to a working position by object-selecting means and theprojection of the images of these objects permitted by the proper lightcontroller. When the invention is embodied in a photoprinting mechanism,i may employ also in connection with these parts suitable feedingmechanism for a plate or plate-holder, and the objects or characters mayadvantageously be double case ones. Such a mechanism should also haveline-spacing mechanism for shifting the image-receiving medium or plateafter a line is finished.

As in the principal machine illustrated in my priorapplicationhereinbeforc mentioned, the operation of the several main mechanisms ordevices is semi-automatic and depends only upon the striking of theusual keys. lIerc each object the image of which to be projected orphotoprinted is controlled by a single key; but only one negative orobject is brought to working position at any given time, such selectedobject being shifted out of the way before another is brought intoposition to be photoprinted. its to this feature of my invention theoperation of the objectloeating mechanism is substantially the same asthat of the type-locating mechanism of an ordinary type-writing machine,in which the type are brought selectively and successively toacommonprinting-pointbyindependently assess movable type-arms, the objects ornegatives in this case being brought in a similar manner selectively andsuccessively to a common locus in the path of the ray or beam of lightby which the printing of the selected character is to be effected.

In the construction shown I make use of a basket or ring 13substantially similar to the type-baskets of writing'machines, and onthis basket I may support the principal members of the selectingmechanism or actuating devices by means of which the objects ornegatives are to be selected and advanced to their working positions. Inthis case the characters or negatives are mounted onindependently-movable carriers, each of which carriers is designated ina general way by 0. These carriers are preferably character-slidesreciprocatory in paths converging toward a common point, said slidesbeing disposed advantageously in a circuit about the ring or shell B.The construction of this slide is shown clearly in Figs. 17, 1S, and 10,from which it will be seen that the slide proper is a thin bar, such as50, having guides, such as 50, extending from opposite sides thereof,the body of the slide being substantially T- shaped in cross-section. Atthe inner end thereof the body portion 50 preferably has an offsetcontinuation or arm, such as 51, at the extreme inner end of whichobjects or negatives may be carried. Each carrier or slide may supportdouble-case characters, such as those shown at o 0', Fig. 17, it beingobvious that the vertical axes of all of the characters should be inparallelism with one another, as shown most clearly in Fig. 7. At therear end thereof the slide proper may have a stop 50 for limiting theadvancing movement of the slide when the latter is shifted to itsworking position. These slides may be supported in any suitable mannerfor movement toward and from a common point; but I prefer to mount themon a ring or annulus, such as I5, secured to the shell B at the lowerend of the latter. This annulus may have a circuit or series of radialguideways in which the ribs or guides 50 of the slides may work, andthese guideways will communicate in this instance with correspondingguide openings or slots 52 in the lower edge of the wall of the shell B,Fig. 3. It will be obvious that these guidegrooves in the annulus l3 andthe slots 52 in the shell I3 constitute means for guiding the carriersor slides c positively in their movements toward and from the workingposition and that said slides are therefore directed positively as thecharacter advances, thus guarding effectually against misalinement ofthe character at the printing moment, as the slides are not onlyside-guided, but also guided upon the upper and lower faces of the ribs50'.

By means of suitable connections between a proper keyboard and theseveral slides a the latter may be advanced selectively toward theworking point independently of one another. The actuating connectionsmaybe of any suitable type, but in all cases will be controlled mostadvantageously by means of key-levers, such as 5, substantially of thetype employed in writingmachines. Said key-levers may be supported inany suitable manner as, for example, by a rod 58 at the rear of themachineand may be held normally in their raised positions by means ofsprings, such as 50, seated in bores in a plate 60, secured to theforward inner side of the casing, which latter is designated in ageneral way by C and incloses substantially all of the working parts ofthe mechanism.

The actuating connections between thekeylevers and thecharacter-carriers or characterslides 0 may be of any suitable type, butare preferably short links, such as 61, Fig. 3, connected at their lowerends to the short arms of angle-levers, such as 62, pivoted at the upperend of the basket or shell 13 and having their lower ends in position tocooperate with suitable portions of the slides In this case each slidehas a finger 50 rising therefrom, and the actuating angle-lever 62forsuch slide has a pin 62 projecting therefrom and in position toengage the linger 50 of the slide and push the latter forward when thekey corresponding thereto is depressed.

As it is desirable to hold the slide positively momentarily in itsworking position, I prefer to employ in connection therewith suitablecarrier-latching or slide-latching means for locking the slidepositively when it reaches the limit of its forward stroke. The latchfor each slide may be of any suitable construction, and a good type ofdevice for this purpose is a swinging gravity-latch substantially of thetype shown herein at 63, this latch being mounted for oscillation on theannulus 13' for movement in a plane substantially parallel with andadjacent to the path of the corresponding carrier or slide. This latchmay have the usual deteut 63, which may engage the extreme outer end ofthe slide and lock the same at the moment the stop 50 comes into contactwith the stop-abutment formed by the flange G lof the annulus B.

In connection with the slide-latching means just described I also employlatch-releasing means for permitting the slide to return to its normalposition as soon as the image of its character has been projected andphotoprinted. This latch-releasing means may also be of any suitableconstruction; but in this case the slide-actuating pin 02 alsoconstitutes the latch-releasing means, it cooperating in this instancewith a suitable cam or cam-face 63 on the latch 63. The manner in whichthese parts cooperate is clearly illustrated in Figs. 13 to 10,inclusive. hen a key has been of its own weight.

4- es-aoee ment of the latch adds to the effectiveness of the latter andassures its descent to the limit of its latching movement, when theslide cwill be in its extreme advanced position, as shown in Fig. 1 1-,the detent 03 engaging the rear end of the slide as soon as suchposition has been reached. Thus momentarily the slide is locked in itsworking position; but as soon as the key is released, which of courseWill be practically instantaneously, the angle-lever 62 will fly backand the pin 62, riding along the can1face 63", will raise the latch oncemore and release the slide from the detent (53. Immediatelythereafterthe slide should be retracted to its normal position, and any suitablemeans may be employed for effecting this return movement; but as it isdesirable that the return stroke should be a rapid one I prefer to makethe slide reactive and have therefore illustrated at (it a springconnected with the flange (it and with the forward portion of the slidefor retracting the latter quickly as soon as it has been released.

Although of course a single-case key-operated mechanism could beemployed advantageously in connection with the independently-movablecharacter-carriers or characterslides, I deem it desirable to make useof a double-case mechanism so operable as to permit the location ofeither one of any pair of double-case characters in the proper workingposition, and this doublecase mechanism may be of any suitable type forthe purpose and capable of shifting one of the main two image-forming orphotoprinting elements viz., the object and the image receivingmediumrelatively to the other in substantially the same manner as theshifting operation is accomplished in type writing machines. Here,however, I prefer to so shift the lightcontroller and the holder for theimage-receiving medium as to bring the proper portion of such medium tothe proper working position adjacent to either the upper-case or thelower-case character, as may be desired. As it is customary inkey-operated mechanisms to accomplish this shifting movement by means ofa shift-key at the side of the keyboard, I have illustrated herein alsokey-operated devices for this purpose. In the present case, however, Iprefer to provide two shifting-keys or key-levers, one at each side ofthe keyboard, in order that the operator may effect the shiftingmovement with a finger of either hand, and these two shift-keys(indicated herein by 65) may operate a pair of rock-arms, such as (50,secured to the respective members of a two-part spindle, such as 66,journaled in bearings in the side of the casing C, Fig. 5, the innerends of these spindle-sections being preferably secured to a suitablelight-directing tube, through which light may pass to project the imagesof the selected characters onto the receiving or pho toprinting medium.These keys may be returned to their normal positions and with them theparts controlled thereby in any suitable manner, as by means of springs.

Light may be directed upon the object or character from any suitablesource by any suitable meansas, for example, through an elbow-tube T,connected with a funnel-shaped tube i. In the construction illustrated.the rear end of the tube '6 is of small diameter, but is closed by anend wall having therein a small opening 75, corresponding approximatelyto the area of the receiving medium that is to be uncovered at a singleexposure. In the present construction it is intended that the tube 1shall be shiftable between two different case positions in order thatthe lightopening may be brought opposite either upper-case characters orlower-ease characters on the slides c, and hence the funnelshaped tube 5maybe connected. to the elbowtube T in such a manner as to be capable ofswinging relatively thereto, it being obvious that owing to therelatively great length of the tube l only a small amount of movement ofthe latter will be necessary at the point of connection with theelbow-tube. This connection may be made in any suitable manner; but inthis instance I have illustrated a ridged annulus, such as 76, forming aclose light-tight joint with the tubes '1. and while permitting a slightmovement of the latter.

For the purpose of controlling the turning on and shutting off of thelight I employ a suitable light-controller, which in this instance ispreferably a rotary one,substantially of the type indicated herein by S,Figs. 10,11, and 12. This rotary shutter may be supported advantageouslyon the tube t adjacent to the small end of the latter and will becarried, preferably, at one side of such tube for rotation in a planeintersecting the axis of the tube. In this case the shutter S is asubstantially dish-shaped member having an annular flange '77 inposition to rotate in front of the small end of the light-directing tubeI and this flange may have a circuit of equidistant light-openings, suchas 77, adapted to be brought successively and intermittently intoposition to register with the opening 75. Any suitably-operatedconnections may be employed for effecting this intermittent rotation ofthe shutter S, which of: cours should be controlled by thecharacter-keys of the keyboard; but I prefer to actuate the shutter froma universal bar-such, for example, as that shown at U, Eigs. 3 and 5.This universal bar may be secured at one of its ends to an arm 78,secured to a relatively long sleeve loosely mounted on one of thespindlesections 66, while at its other end said universal bar may besecured to a guide-arm 79, loosely mounted on either spindle-section(50. In this case the sleeve 78 carries a gear, preferably a segmentalbevel-gear, such as 79, meshing with a bevel-pinion, such as 80,supported in this case by a spindle 81., carried by the tube '6. At itslower end the spindle 81 may be secured to a large spur-gear, such asS2, journaled in a bracket 83, projecting from the tube 15. In this casethe gear 82 drives an annular gear 83", supported byballhearings on abearing portion 83' of the bracket 83, an annular bevel-gear 84: beingalso preferably secured to the annular spur-gear, while a secondbevel-gear, such as 85, supported directly by the tube 25, meshes withthe gear 84 and carries the shutter S.

For the purpose of transmitting the oscillating movement of the spindleSl to the spurgear and for converting such oscillation into anintermittent rotary movement I may make use of the usual pawl andratchet-wheel connection between these parts, such transmitting devicescomprising in this case a ratchetwheel 86,loose on alonghub 82 of thespur-gear 82, a rock-arm 81, secured to the spindle 81, and the usualpawl 87, carried by said rockarm.

It will be apparent that as each characterkey is depressed thegear-segment 79 will be oscillated and the shutter S correspondinglypartially rotated on the return stroke of said gear-segment to bring anew light-opening 77 in the shutter opposite the opening 75 in the endof the tube t.

It will be apparent from the foregoing that the operation of thelight-controller is governed by the actuation of the character-keys ofthe keyboard and that the turning of the shutter into position to bringone of its openings opposite the opening 75 is dependent upon the properpositioning of the object or negative containingthe character to bephotoprinted. Hence the operation of the shutter mechanism is entirelyautomatic after a character or negative has been located and isdependent upon and will not occur until the actuation of the carriercorresponding to such character.

While the feed mechanism, by means of which a step-by-step feed movementis obtained for permitting the characters to print successively onsuccessive portions of the sensitized receiving medium, maybe of anysuitable construction, and while I may impart such movement to anyproper one of the several coacting elements of the photoprintingmechanism, yet in the preferred construction it is desirable to shiftthe image-receiving or photoprinting medium step by step on thedepression of the character-keys. This feed mechanism may be of anyproper type; but I deem it advantageous to make use of a stepbystep rackand escapement" mechanism somewhat similar to mechanisms of this classembodied in type-writing machines and corresponding in many details tothat shown, described, and claimed in my prior application, to which Ihave hereinbefore referred. This feed mechanism will therefore beoperated to the best advantage from a universal barsuch, for example, asthat shown at U, Figs. 5 and 9-said universal bar being supported at itsends by the frame for the space-bar 100,

hereinafter described, and being connected in this instance to a rod JO,which in turn is pivoted to the end of a rock-arm t0, secured to arock-shaft i0, journaled in suitable bearings, one of which in this caseis in the forward side of the casing and the other in a short standard,such as 41, rising from the lower side or base of the casing. (See Figs.3 and 4-.) In the present construction the escapement device proper,which is designated herein by 20, may comprise a pair of dogs ofwell-known construction, one fixed and the other preferably movable,both of these dogs being secured in any suitable manner to therock-shaft i0, which latter, it should be noted, is capable ofreciprocating longitudinally as well as oscillating aboutits axis.Obviously as the several character-keys are struck selectively one afteranother the dogs will be correspondingly oscillated to permit the othermember or rack of the escapement teed mechanism to be advanced step bystep. In this case the dogs cooperate with ratchet-teeth of a rack, suchas 25, forming a part of or secured to a carriage or slide, (designatedin a general way by D, Figs. 7 and 8,) on which carriage a holder for aplate, film, or other image receiving medium is supported for movementrelatively to the carriage and is designated in a general way by II.This carriage and also the plate-holder may be sup ported insubstantially the same manner as in my prior application hereinbeforereferred to-that is to say, the carriage may be supported for horizontalmovement on a pair of horizontal guide-rods, such as 20 and 21, and theplate-holder may be guided in a direction transverse to the direction ofmovement of the carriage by a pair of guide-rods, such as 22 and 23,forming part of the carriage and supported by the rods 20 and 21.

The two guide-rods 20 and 21 form part of a rectangular frame(designated in a general waybyD) havingat its sides a pair of groovedrods, (see Figs. 3 and 9,) these grooved rods being designated herein by27 and 28 and being supported on rolls, such as 29. Anglearms, such as29, may be used to prevent rising of the carriage from the rolls 29. Thefunction of this frame D will be described hereinafter.

In the machine shown in the drawings the direction of feed of thecarriage D from the front toward the rear of the machine, and in Fig. 3the manner in which this feed move ment is obtained is shown clearly.Here the carriage may be normally under tension from any suitable sourceof power, which in this case will include coiled spring and adriving-band of the usual type, (indicated in a general way by (3.) Asthe construction and operation of this driving mechanism are well knownand are clearly shown herein ,a detailed description thereol is deemedunnecessary. As the several character-keys are struck it will beapparent that the carriage D will be fed step by step fromthe fronttoward the I eseoee rear of the machine until it reaches a predeterminedpoint-usually, of course, the end of a full line-when suitableline-spacing mechanism may be operated to bring an unexposed transverseportion of the plate into position. For the purpose of returning thecarriage to the beginning of a line a reversing member or pull-rod, suchas 92, may be employed, this pull-rod being in the present case securedto the carriage in such a manner as to shift the latter back and forthand still be capable of turning to some extent. In the constructionshown it is supported to turn in bored lugs 93 on the carriage and hassecured to it rockarms, such as 92, connected with the rack 25 in such amanner as to be capable of shifting the latter clear of the dogs whenthe carriage is to be returned to the beginning of a new line. .(SeeFigs. 3, 8, and 9.) Itwill benoticed that the rack 25 has a pin-and-slotconnection with the carriage and is shiftable bodily sidewise relativelyto the dogs, said rack being connected with the rock-arms 02, in thepresent case by links, suchas 9t. This construction is shown clearlyfrom the under side in Fig. 0. The pull-rod 02, in addition to havingthe functions just described, serves to indicate the position of thecarriage at different points in the line, and said rod has thereon inthis instance a scale 92 for such purpose.

In connection with the devices hereinbefore described for feeding thecarriage, and hence the plate-holder I-I, step by step for photoprintingthe characters of different words I make use of suitable means forspacing between words and also between the lines of the matter to bephotoprinted. To space between the words, I may use the ordinary form ofspace-bar, such as that shown at 100, and this may operate the universalbar U directly, and hence only those parts of the mechanism controlledby said bar, it being only necessary to operate the feed mechanismtherefrom. The line-spacing mechanism will preferably be controlled by akey separate from and independent of the character-keys, as are the twoease-keys. In the present construction this line-soacin g key, which isdesignated by the word liner, operates spring-retracted vertical rod 105passing between a pair of plates, such as 10 and 10, at the top of thecasing and in the rear of the keyboard, these plates or slides whenremoved permitting access to the interior of the mechanism. In thepresent instance the rod 105 is connected with an angle-lever 106,loosely mounted on a long shaft 107, supported in suitable bearings atthe front and rear of the machine, one arm of this angle-lever carryinga pawl 10S, cooperating with a ratchet-wheel 109, fixed to the shaft107. This shaft also has secured thereto a gear 30, which meshes withthe teeth of a rack 32, secured to the plate-holder II and dis- II,advanced to bring a new printing-line into working position. The feedmovement of this rack and the plate-holder is from the right to the leftof the machine, as seen in Fig. 4-. The shaft 107 may also carry thereona toothed detent-wheel 110, cooperating with a springpressed detent 112,by means of which the distances between the lines will be accuratelygaged.

When the mechanism is used as a photoprinting-machine, theimage-receiving medium may be a plate, film, or other similar article,and the manner in which such medium may be supported is immaterial; butin the construction shown a sensitized photoprinting-plate, such as p,is mounted in a dovetailed channel in the upper face of the plate holderand securely held therein, as shown clearly in Fig.

As it is very essential in the construction shown herein that the holderand feed mechanism shall be capable of shifting between different casepositions, I prefer to mount the plate-holder and therack-and-escapement feed device, including the feed dogs or pawls, insuch a manner that all of these parts may be shifted bodily in thedirection of the movement of the carriage in order to bring the properpoint on the sensitized plate under the upper-case or lower-casecharacter, aecordin g to which is selected. In order to effect thisresult, the frame D is mounted to have a shifting movement and may beoperated directly from one of the shaft-sections (36. By referring toFigs. 3 and 4: it will be seen that a long arm 120 is secured to anddepends from such shaft-section, said arm having at its lower end apin-and-slot connection with such shiftable frame D. For returning saidframe to its normal position when the uppercase key is released asuitable spring or springs, as 121, may be used.

In order to effect the reciprocating movements of the rock-shaft 4E0,which have been hereinbefore referred to, some suitable connectionshould be made between this shaft and the body of the frame D. In thiscase an arm, such as 122, depends from said frame and has one or morefingers working in a groove in a collar 40, secured to said shaft, thisconnection serving, of course, to cause the feed dogs or pawls to shiftwith the rack 25 from one case position to another.

In Fig. 17 I have illustrated in detail the construction of thepreferred objects or negatives for use with my photoprinting mechanism.I-Ieretheupper-caseobjectisdesignated by 0 and the lower-case one by 0,and both are represented by disks having opaque surfaces except at thoseportions which contain the characters to be projected or printed on thesensitized surface of the image-receiving medium. The light directedthrough the tube 25 and through the openings 75 and 77 is intended toshine through only that portion of the disk or object covered by thecharacter or letter, and no light will pass through the assess a" opaqueportion of such object or negative. Hence an exact and perfect image ofthe character ordevice will be projected upon the receiving medium andwill be photoprinted on a definite portion of the surface of the latter,if such medium is a sensitized surface, as should be the case, it beingunderstood, of course, that light should be excluded from all otherareas of this surface except that onto which the image may be projected.The objects or negatives may be held in place in any suitable manner,preferably by cement, and may be of any proper material, such as glass,each having a developed film of collodion or other sensitive substancethereon, the opaque portion of which represents the exposed portion ofthe film and the character the unex posed portion. Ordinarily themachine as a whole will be attached to a Wall of a dark room, andin thiscase the rear of the machine is open and registers with an opening inthe wall to which them achi he is secured. Through this opening thephotoprinting-plates may be placed in position and removed from themachine.

The operation of the photoprintingmachine shown herein will be clearlyunderstood from the foregoing description, and it is only necessary atthis time to set forth in a general way the successive steps of theoperation.

It being understood that a plate has been properly positioned in theplate-holder at the zero-point or other point indicated on the scalemarked on the reversing-rod, the character-keys will be struck one afteranother by the operator in the same manner as are the keys of atype-writing machine to form words or other combinations of devices fromsuccessively-selected characters, the depression of a character-keycausing the shifting of the corresponding slide 0 to the proper pointfor bringing the character controlled by such key into working position.Thereupon the carrier will be locked in place by its latch 63. By meansof the connections to the feed mechanism from the universal bar U thecarriage is fed forward a step on each depression of a character-keyinto position to bring a new portion of the printing-line to theprintingpoint. At the same time the depression of the universal bar Ucauses the pawl 87 to be shifted into position to turn the ratchet-wheel80, and hence the shutter S, when the depressed character-key rises. Onthe release of this key and while the slide is held by its catch theshutter will be rotated, and one of its light-openings will be broughtmomentarily opposite the end of the lightdirecting tube, and light willshine through the character on the negative and onto the sensitizedplate to photoprint thereon a negative of such character. The shutterwill rotate during the entire time that the charater-key is returning toits normal position, and the light-openings in the sh utter are soplaced that one of them will sweep across the mouth of the tube whilethe character-key is returning and will pass beyond the open end of thetube a, and such opening will be closed again, the opening being exposedduring the time that the anglearm 62 is returning from the positionshown in Fig. it to thatillustrated in Fig. 15. The movement of theangle-arm (52 from the position shown in Fig. 15 to that illustrated inFig. 16 causes the release of the latch 63 and permits the return of thecharacter-slide to its normal position. Of course if the characterstruck should be an upper-case one one of the upper-case keys would bedepressed and held down until the completion of the printing. As soon asa word or other combination of characters has been completed thespace-key 100 will be struck in the usual manner to feed the carriage astep independently of the operation of the charactenkeys, and noshifting of a character-slide will take place at this time. On thecompletion of a line of printed matter on a plate the line-spacing keywill be depressed and the plate-holder will be shifted longitudinally tobring another transverse portion of the plate to the print ing-line.Either before or after the depression of the line-spacing key thereversing-rod 92 may be drawn back to return the carriage to thebeginning of a newline or to any other predetermined point. After allthe surface of a plate has been photoprinted the rod 92 may be turned tothe left, as seen in Fig. 3, whereupon the rack 25 will be shiftedsidewise to release it from the dogs of the escapement mechanism,whereupon the spring of the driving device (1 causes the carriage to beshifted quickly to the rear of the machine into the open space, wherethe finished plate may be removed and a new plate slipped into thedovetailed guideway of ,the holder.

A machine constructed in accordance with my present invention, ashereinbefore described, is not only capable of projecting the images ofobjects of different sorts, but also when used in connection with asensitized image-receiving medium is capable of operation for setting upselectively typographic matter either for newspaper or book Work, andthe plate or film on which the matter is set up constitutes, whenproperly developed by the ordinary methods, a perfect substitute for theplates usually printed by the indirect processes.

llaving described my invention, I claim 1. In an image-formingmechanism, the con'ibination, with an image-governing lightcontrollerand with an image-receiving medium, of independently-movableimage-forming objects locatable in working position between thelight-controller and the image-re ceiving medium, and object-selectingmeans.

2. in an image-forming mechanism, the combination, with animage-governinglightcontroller and with an image-receiving medium, ofindependently-movableimage-forming objects locatahle in working positionbetween the light-controller and the image-receiving medium, and objectselecting and locating means.

3. In an image-forn'iing mechanism, the combination, with animage-governinglight controller and with an image-receiving me dinm, ofindependently movable keycontrolled image-forming objects locatable inworking position between the light-controller and the image-receivingmedium, and ob ject-selecting means.

i. In an imageforming mechanism, the combination, with a key-controlledimagegoverning light-controller and with animage-receivingmedium,ofii'idependently-movable key-controlledimage-forming objects 10- eatable in working position between thelightcontroller and the image-receiving medium, and object-selectingmeans.

5. In an image-forming mechanism, the combination, with animage-governinglightcontroller and with a holder for a sensitizedimage-receiving medium, of independentlymovable image-forming objectslocatable in working position between the light-eontroller and theimageu'eceiving medium, and object-selecting means.

(5. In a photoprinting mechanism, the combination, with animage-governinglight-controller and with a holderfor a sensitized photoprinting medium, of independently-movable image-forming negativeslocatable in working position between the photoprinting medium, andnegative-selecting means.

'7. In an image-forming mechanism, the combination, with animage-governing lightcontroller, of an image-receiving medium;independently-movable image forming objects selectively locatable inworking position between the light-controller and the image-receivingmedium, and each constructed to permit the passage of light when placedin the path of alight-beam and to modify the cross-sectionalarea andconfiguration of such light-beam for projecting a correspondingobject-delineating image; and object-selecting means.

8. In an image-forming mechanism, the combination, with animage-gomrning lightcontroller, of an imagereceiving medium;independently-movable translucent imageforming objects selectivelylocatable in working position between the light-controller and theimage-receiving medium and each constructed to permitthe passage oflight therethrough for projecting an object-delineating image; andobject-selecting means.

9. In an imageforming mechanism, the combination, with animage-governing lightcontroller, of an image-receiving medium;independently-movable image-forming objects selectively locatable inworking position between the light-controller and the image-1e ceivingmedium and substantially in juxtaposition with the latter; andobject-selecting means.

10. In a photoprinting mechanism, the combination, with animage-governing light-com troller, of a holder for a sensitized )rintingmedium, and independently-movable keycontrolled image-forming chamctersselectively shiftablein to workingposition between the light-controllerand the printing medium and substantially in juxtaposition with thelatter.

11. In an image-forming mechanism, the combination, with double-caseimage-forming objects, of object-selecting means, and an image-governinglight-controller shiiitable to different case positions.

12. In an image-forming mechanism, the combination, with double-caseimage-forming objects, of object-selecting means, and an image-governinglight-controller reciprooatory to different case positions.

13. In an image-forming mechanism, the combination, with double-caseimage-forming objects, of object-selecting means, and an image-governinglight-controller oscillatory to different case positions.

14. In an image-forming mechanism, the combination, with key-operateddouble-case image-forming characters, of an image-governinglight-controller operative on each actuation of a key, and means forshifting the light-controller to different case positions.

15. In aphotoprintingmechanism, the eombination, with double-caseimage-forming objects, of object-selecting means; an imagegoverninglight-controller; a holder for an image-receiving medium; and means forshifting the light-controller and the holder to different casepositions.

16. In a 1')hotoprinting mechanism, the combination, withdouble-caseimage-forming objects, of object-selecting means; animagegoverning lightcontroller; a holder for an image-receiving medium;and means for reciprocating the light-controller and the holder betweendifferent case positions.

17. In a photoprinting mechanism, the combination, with double-casein'lage-forming objects, of object-selecting means; an image governinglight-controller; a holder for an image-receiving medium; and means forsimultaneouslyshiftingthelight-controllerand the holder to differentcase positions.

18. In a photoprinting mechanism, the combination, with double-caseimage-forming objects, of object-selecting means; an imagegoverninglight-controller; a holder for an image-receiving medium; and meansionoscillating the light-controller and reciprocating the holder betweendifferent case positions.

19. In a key-operated mechanism, the combination, with double-casecharacters and with character-selecting means, of a carriage; feedmechanism for said carriage; and means for shifting said carriage todifferent case positions.

20. In a key-operated mechanism, the combinatiomwith double-casecharacters and with character-selecting means, of a carriage; stepby-step feed mechanism for said carriage; and means for shifting saidcarriage to different case positions.

21. In a key-operated mechanism, the combination,with double-casecharacters and with character-selecting means,of a carriage;rackand-escapement feed mechanism for said carriage; and means forshifting said carriage and the feed mechanism to different casepositions.

22. In a key-operated mechanism, the combination,with double-casecharacters and with character-selecting means, of acarriage; feedmechanism for said carriage and controlled by the character-selectingmeans; and means independent of said character-selecting means forshifting said carriage to different case positions.

23. In a key-operated mechanism, the combination,with double casecharacters and with character-selecting means, of a carriage; feedmechanism for said carriage and controlled by the character-selectingmeans; and keyoperated means independent of said characoer-selectingmeans for shifting said carriage to different case positions.

24. I11 a key-operated mechanism, the combinatiomwith double-casecharacters and with character-selecting means,of a carriage;pawland-rack feed mechanism for said carriage; and means for shifting,said pawl to different case positions.

25. In a key-operated mechanism, the combination,with double-casecharacters and with character-selecting means,of acarriage; pawland-raekfeed mechanism for said carriage; and means for reciprocating said pawlto different case positions.

26. In a key-operated mechanism, the combination,with double-casecharacters and with character-selecting means, of a carriage; areciprocatory guide-rod; paWl-and-rack carriage-feed mechanism embodyinga pawl carried by said guide-rod; and means for reciprocating saidguide-rod to shift the pawl to different case positions.

27 In a key-operated mechanism, the combinatiomwith double-casecharacters and with character-selecting means, of a carriage; anoscillatory reciprocatory guide-rod pawl-andrack carriage-feed mechanismembodying a pawl carried by said guide-rod; and means for reciprocatingsaid guide-rod to shift the pawl to different case positions.

28. In a key-operated mechanism, the combination,with double-casecharacters and with character-selecting means,of a carriage;pawland-racl; feed mechanism for said carriage; and independentkey-operated devices for actuating said pawl in paths transverse to eachother.

29. In a key-operated mechanism, the combination,with double-casecharacters and with character-selecting means,of a carriage;pawland-rack feed mechanism for said carriage; and independentkey-operated devices for actuating said pawl in one path, and for shifting said pawl in another path to different case positions.

30. In a photoprinting mechanism, the combination, withdouble-caseimage-forming obj ects,of obj cot-selecting means animagegoverning' light-controller; a holder for an imagereceiving medium;holder-feeding mechanism; and means for shifting said holder todifferent case positions.

31. In a photoprinting' mechanism, the combination, with double-caseimage-forming objects, of object-selecting means; an imagegoverninglight-controller; a holder for an image receiving medium; holder feedingmechanism for shifting the holder in different directions; and means forshifting said holder to different case positions.

32. In a photoprinting mechanism, the combination, with double-caseimage-forming objects, of object-selecting means; an imagegoverninglight-controller; a holder for an image-receiving medium; holder-feeding mechanism for shifting the holder in directions transverse toeach other; and means for shifting said hoider to different casepositions.

33. Inaphotoprinting mechanism, the com bination, with double-caseimage-forming objects, of object-selecting means; an imagegoverning'lightcontroller; a holder for an image receiving medium;separately-operative holder-feeding and line-spacing mechanisms; andmeans for shifting said holder to different case positions.

34:. In aphotoprinting mechanism, the combination, with double-caseimage-forming objects, of object-selecting means; an imagegoverninglight-controller; a carriage; carriage-feed mechanism; aholder supportedon said carriage for movement transversely thereto, and adapted to carryan image-receiving medium; line-spacing mechanism for shifting saidholder transversely to the carriage; and means for shifting saidcarriage to different case positions.

35. In an image-forming mechanism, the

combination, with double-case image-forming objects, of object-selecting means; an imagegoverning light-controller; and alight-directing tube shiftable to different case positions.

36. In an image-forming mechanism, the combinatiomwith double-caseimage-forming objects, of object-selecting means; an imagegoverninglightcontroller; and a key-oper ated light-directing tube oscillatory todifferent case positions.

37. In an image-forming mechanism, the combinatiomwith double-caseimage-forming objects, of object-selecting means; animag'egoverninglight-controller; a light-directing tube; and means for shifting saidlight-controller and tube to different case positions.

38. In an image-forming mechanism, the combinatiomwith double-caseimage-forming" objects, of objectselecting means; an imagegoverninglight-controller; a light dirccting tube; and means for shifting saidlight-con-

